Electoral Votes by State for 2020

The number of Electoral College votes to be cast by each state was last adjusted by state population totals from the 2010 decennial census conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Results of the decennial census are also used in apportionment – the process by which the 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives is divided among the states. Here is the list of electoral votes to be cast by each state in the 2020 presidential election. Alabama - 9, unchanged. The states population increased by 332,636 or 7.5 percent to 4,779,736 in 2010.Alaska - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 83,299 or 13.3 percent to 710,231 in 2010.Arizona - 11, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 1,261,385 or 24.6 percent to 6,392,017 in 2010.Arkansas - 6, unchanged. The states population increased by 242,518 or 9.1 percent to 2,915,918 in 2010.California - 55, unchanged. The states population increased by 3,382,308 or 10 percent to 37,253,956 in 2010.Colorado - 9, unchanged. The states population increased by 727,935 or 16.9 percent to 5,029,196 in 2010.Connecticut - 7, unchanged. The states population increased by 168,532 or 4.9 percent to 3,574,097 in 2010.Delaware - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 114,334 or 14.6 percent to 897,934 in 2010.District of Columbia - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 29,664 or 5.2 percent to 601,723 in 2010.Florida - 29, an increase of 2 electoral votes. The states population increased by 2,818,932 or 17.6 percent to 18,801,310 in 2010.Georgia - 16, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 1,501,200 or 18.3 percent to 9,687,653 in 2010.Hawaii - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 148,764 or 12.3 percent to 1,360,301 in 2010.Idaho - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 273,629 or 21.1 percent to 1,567,582 in 2010.Illinois - 20, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 411,339 or 3.3 percent to 12,830,632 in 2010.Indiana - 11, unchanged. The states population increased by 403,317 or 6.6. percent to 6,483,802 in 2010.Iowa - 6, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 120,031 or 4.1 percent to 3,046,355 in 2010.Kansas - 6, unchanged. The states population increased by 164,700 or 6.1 percent to 2,853,118 in 2010.Kentucky - 8, unchanged. The states population increased by 297,598 or 7.4 percent to 4,339,367 in 201 1.Louisiana - 8, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 64,396 or 1.4 percent to 4,533,372 in 2010.Maine - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 53,438 or 4.2 percent to 1,328,361 in 2010.Maryland - 10, unchanged. The states population increased by 477,066 or 9 percent to 5,773,552 in 2010.Massachusetts - 11, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 198,532 or 3.1 percent to 6,547,629 in 2010.Michigan - 16, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population fell by 54,804 or 0.6 percent to 9,883,640 in 2010.Minnesota - 10, unchanged. The states population increased by 384,446 or 7.8 percent to 5,303,925 in 2010.Mississippi - 6, unchanged. The states population increased by 122,639 or 4.3 percent to 2,967,297 in 2010.Missouri - 10, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 393,716 or 7 percent to 5,988,927 in 2010.Montana - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 87,220 or 9.7 percen t to 989,415 in 2010.Nebraska - 5, unchanged. The states population increased by 115,078 or 6.7 percent to 1,826,341 in 2010.Nevada - 6, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 702,294 or 35.1 percent to 2,700,551 in 2010.New Hampshire - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 80,684 6.5 percent to 1,316,470 in 2010.New Jersey - 14, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 377,544 or 4.5 percent to 8,791,894 in 2010.New Mexico - 5, unchanged. The states population increased by 240,133 or 13.2 percent to 2,059,179 in 2010.New York - 29, a decrease of 2 electoral votes. The states population increased by 401,645 or 2.1 percent to 19,378,102 in 2010.North Carolina - 15, unchanged. The states population increased by 1,486,170 or 18.5 percent to 9,535,483 in 2010.North Dakota - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 30,391 or 4.7 percent to 672,591 in 2010.Ohio - 18, a decrease of 2 electoral votes. The states popul ation increased by 183,364 or 1.6 percent to 11,536,504 in 2010.Oklahoma - 7, unchanged. The states population increased by 300,697 or 8.7 percent to 3,751,351 in 2010.Oregon - 7, unchanged. The states population increased by 409,675 or 12 percent to 3,831,074 in 2010.Pennsylvania - 20, a decrease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 421,325 or 3.4 percent to 12,702,379 in 2010.Rhode Island - 4, unchanged. The states population increased by 4,248 or 0.4 percent to 1,052,567 in 2010.South Carolina - 9, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 613,352 or 15.3 percent to 4,625,364 in 2010.South Dakota - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 59,336 or 7.9 percent to 814,180 in 2010.Tennessee - 11, unchanged. The states population increased by 656,822 or 11.5 percent to 6,346,105 in 2010.Texas - 38, an increase of 4 electoral votes. The states population increased by 4,293,741 or 20.6 percent to 25,145,561 in 2010.Utah - 6, an incr ease of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 530,716 or 23.8 percent to 2,763,885 in 2010.Vermont - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 16,914 or 2.8 percent to 625,741 in 2010.Virginia - 13, unchanged. The states population increased by 922,509 or 13 percent to 8,001,024 in 2010.Washington - 12, an increase of 1 electoral vote. The states population increased by 830,419 or 14.1 percent to 6,724,540 in 2010.West Virginia - 5, unchanged. The states population increased by 44,650 or 2.5 percent to 1,852,994 in 2010.Wisconsin - 10, unchanged. The states population increased by 323,311 or 6 percent to 5,686,986 in 2010.Wyoming - 3, unchanged. The states population increased by 69,844 or 14.1 percent to 563,626 in 2010. While it will not change their number of Electoral College votes, population changes in three key presidential battleground states since the 2016 election could affect their influence on the outcome of the 2020 election. The continued population boom in Florida (29 electoral votes) all but assures its long-held status as a key swing-state. Arizona (11 electoral votes) jumps onto the list of 2020 swing states, while Nevada’s (6 electoral votes) record-setting growth between 2017 and 2018 could place the state even further out of reach for President Donald Trump’s reelection campaign. How the 2020 Census Could Change the Electoral Map While it will not affect the 2020 state-by-state Electoral College vote, the results of the 2020 U.S. Census could transform the electoral map going forward. The resulting decennial reapportionment process promises to reshape the political makeup of the House of Representatives in 2022 and the Electoral College for the 2024 presidential election. Updated by Robert Longley

Freudian Perspectives of Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

Freudian Perspectives of Hamlet The term consciousness refers to one’s awareness of internal and external stimuli. The unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.(Weiten) The core of the Freudian perspective is centered around Hamlet’s relationship with his mother, and the relationship of Hamlet and King Claudius. According to the Freudian view, Hamlet is driven by unconscious sexual desire and aggravation. This sexual aggression is directed towards his mother and Claudius. The mystery of Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a phantom of literary debate that has haunted readers throughout the centuries. Hamlet is†¦show more content†¦In doing so, one will come to the conclusion that Hamlet is driven by forces other than what is obvious to the reader, as well as Hamlet himself. Given this example, one must denounce the assumption that Hamlet is aware of the forces that motivate him, and understand that Hamlet’s true motivation is unconscious This unconscious force is the true reason behind Hamlet’s mysterious behavior. In naming this force, one must look beneath the surface of Hamlet’s own level of consciousness, and into what Hamlet himself is consciously unaware. The key to understanding Hamlet lies in the realization of the unconscious energy that provokes him to action and inaction. By channeling into Hamlet’s unconscious, providing Freudian psychoanalytical perspectives, Hamlet’s true unconscious motivation will be uncovered, and the mystery of Hamlet will be silenced. The term consciousness refers to one’s awareness of internal and external stimuli. The unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.(Weiten) The core of the Freudian perspective is centered around Hamlet’s relationship with his mother, and the aforementioned example concerning Hamlet and King Claudius. According to the Freudian view, Hamlet is driven by unconscious sexualShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages This essay will discuss several literary criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. After skimming through several articles, I ended up with four peer-reviewed journal articles, each a different critical perspectives of the play: feminist, psychoanalytical/freudian, moral, and new historicism. My previous studies of Hamlet, as well as my rereading of the play this semest er, has collectively given me a general knowledge of the text. 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Kaspersky - Anti Virus - 1113 Words

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LJUBLJANA, 5TH MARCH 2013 1. PERFORM A SWOT ANALYSIS FOR KL. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. By definition, Strengths (S) and Weaknesses (W) are considered to be internal factors over which you have some measure of control. Also, by definition, Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) are considered to be external factors over which you have essentially no control. 2. FROM THE KLS STANDPOINT, HOW WOULD YOU SEGMENT THE POTENTIAL MARKET FOR ANTI-VIRUS PRODUCTS? EVALUATE KLS PERFORMANCES IN EACH OF THE SEGMENTS. Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers who have common needs and applications†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, those who are not interested in the issue, the most important thing to do is attract them by the efficiency of the product in order to promote is the company quality and highlight their competence. This segment may become the most important target market. There is also the possibility of create another segment of the market composed of the users who do not care about quality and seek only for free products. Thus, knowing that Kaspersky Lab has only trial versions of free antivirus, would be a good bet investing in this market to attract this target population. As the text says, the company provides a great working environment in every city it is settled, suiting their marketing strategy according to the different countries (different segments). The fact that the firm has incredible re putation in many countries means that they are aware of each kind of client’s expectations (each segment). 3. DID KLS RUSSIAN ORIGIN LEAD TO AN ADVERSE PERCEIVED IMPACT ON ITS BRAND IMAGE? WHAT WERE SOME OF THE ACTIVITIES KL DID TO ENHANCE ITS BRAND COO? WHAT OTHER ACTIVITIES WOULD YOU AND OVERCOME THE NEGATIVE SUGGEST TO STRENGTHEN ITS BRAND GLOBALLY? 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Self-Motivation and Egocentrism in John Updike’s AP

William Peden once called John Updike’s â€Å"AP† â€Å"deftly narrated nonsense...which contains nothing more significant than a checking clerks interest in three girls in bathing suits† (Peden). While Peden’s criticism may be harsher than necessary, it is hard to find fault with his analysis. Sammy’s tale offers little more than insight into an egocentric and self-motivated mind, and while Updike may disagree with that conclusion, a close reading of the text offers significant evidence to support this theory. In â€Å"An Interview with John Updike†, Updike describes how Sammy quit as a â€Å"feminist protest† (153). However, I would argue that Sammy’s act of defiance was selfishly motivated and represents his inner struggle with his social class as†¦show more content†¦Instead of disregarding their ambition, he comments on their looks and intelligence. One of his first comments on the girls, after describing thei r looks, is: â€Å"You never really know for sure how girls’ minds work (do you really think it’s a mind in there or just a little buzz like a bee in a glass jar?) †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (149). By wondering if girls even have a brain, Sammy shows the reader that he has little respect for women’s intelligence. He also observes the girls’ bodies, comparing them to different foods. He describes various parts of their bodies as â€Å"joints† (150), a â€Å"can† (148), and, most creepily, he describes Queenie’s breasts as â€Å"the two smoothest scoops of vanilla I had ever known were there† (152). Using food as descriptors illustrates how Sammy sees the girls as little more than products. He looks at them as nothing more than lowly food objects to judge and objectify, and these condescending remarks demonstrate what little respect he has for anyone but himself. Even the shoppers are not safe from Sammy’s criticisms. He refe rs to the patrons as â€Å"sheep† (149) and â€Å"houseslaves in pin curlers† (150), stripping them of human qualities and equating them with animals and humans with no rights. Just as he does with Stokesie and the girls, Sammy separates the shoppers from himself, using non-human and derogatory terms to describe them while never mentioning anything the least bit critical of himself. In Sammy’s mind, it is he versus the town. His insecurities

Changing Perspectives Free Essays

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveller, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; â€Å"Changing one’s perspective can be confronting and enriching. † The Encarta Concise English Dictionary defines perspective as â€Å"A particular evaluation of a situation or facts, especially from one person’s point of view. † This perspective is shaped by events in a person’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Perspectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now These may be decisions they make, or knowledge and change thrust upon them. No matter which circumstances that cause his change in perspective, the effect will be a growth of character in the person. A change in perspective is therefore a change in a person’s evaluation of a situation. The effect of this change can be confronting or enriching to a person. Change in perspective can impact on a person in one of three ways, attitudinally, intellectually and emotionally. By analysing the film, Looking For Alibrandi and my other related text, The Road Not Taken I will show how changing one’s perspective can be both confronting and enriching. The film, Looking for Alibrandi by Katie Woods is a ildungsroman, which explores changing perspectives in the life of the protagonist Josephine Alibrandi. The events which occur in the film, give an insight into Josie’s life and create a change of perspective on her plight in the film. The Director uses a variety of film techniques to present this change of perspective and growth of character. Josie is presented as a character who is conflicted in her situation. She is a fatherless child in a highly patriarchal society and rejects and freely clashes with her Italian culture and heritage. In the first scene of the film a sepia wash is used, but Josie is presented in bright colour. This shows her character in conflict with the world surrounding her. She furthers this notion in a voiceover where she says â€Å"this may be where I am from, but do I really belong here? † This emphasises the difference between Josie’s concept of herself and her place in the world. The voice over positions the audience to sympathise with Josie’s situation. Josie has a confronting change of perspective when she discovers that her father Michael Andretti, has come back from Adelaide and she is faced with meeting him for the first time. In this scene the slow racking of the camera in to frame the faces of Josie and her mother, emphasises the gravity of Michael’s reappearance and how possibly explosive this could be. Josie has another confronting change of perspective when John Barton, the boy that she likes, commits suicide. Josie questions how she can possibly continue when John, who seemingly had everything, felt he had to end his own life. When Josie tears up the note he gave her and throws it out the window, this gesture is coupled with the use of the mournful non-diagetic music â€Å"with or without you†, to symbolise her loss of nnocence, perspective and understanding. â€Å"Why can’t anyone see, if John Barton couldn’t be alright, no-ones going to be alright? † This heartfelt questioning by Josie further demonstrates the depth of her confusion and struggle with her perception of her situation in life. Josie is enriched by her final change of perspective when she accepts who she is despite her faults and embraces her Italian heritage. This is symbolised by how she invites her boyfriend and friends to celebrate â€Å"tomato day† with herself and her family. And also by her choice to enjoy the song Tintarella de Luna, instead of changing as she had prior to her change in perspective. In the credits this song changes to a punk version which highlights the generational and cultural change. The words stay the same, but the tune changes, this is a conflation of culture. The final line of dialogue in the movie, a voiceover delivered by Josie, demonstrates just how comfortable she now is, with her life when she declares; â€Å"I am Christina and Michael’s daughter and Katia’s granddaughter. We’re not cursed, we’re blessed. † The poem The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost is an extended metaphor for the choices we make in life. The poem consists of four stanzas and follows a rhyming pattern, except for the last stanza, which puts an emphasis on the first line. In the first stanza the composer describes how he is faced with two choices or roads, and that he would like to travel both, but he knows he cannot do this. So he tries to see down each road to decide on his path. The second stanza shows the struggle of choosing between two similar paths. The man in the poem chooses one path. In the third stanza he stipulates that neither path has been followed recently, and that one day he would ike to come back and travel the other road, however due to the way in life that one thing leads to another, he doubted he would. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less travelled by, And that has made all the difference. In this final stanza, because of the line â€Å"ages and ages hence† we must realise that we cannot assign meaning to the words sigh and difference, because the speaker himself cannot know how his choice will affect his future until he has lived it. The ambiguity of the sigh furthers the point that e is unsure where his choice will take him. It is this ambiguity which makes the poem far more complex. This poem does not moralize about choice; it simply says that choice is inevitable and that you never understand how your choice will affect you, until you have lived it. Changes in perspective are shaped by events in a person’s life. These may be decisions they make, or knowledge and change is thrust upon them. One thing is certain, whether the change is confronting or enriching, we will always have some regrets and wish for the best of both outcomes. But it is these perspectives that shape who we are. How to cite Changing Perspectives, Papers

Othello (982 words) Essay Example For Students

Othello (982 words) Essay OthelloI am not what I am. An essay on Othello, question No 4. I will discuss this quote in relation to Lacans ideas about language as the symbolic order. My aim is to show how Othello finds his identity threatened byDesdemonas reaction to his tales. In order to explain Lacans ideas very briefly I will quote from Pam Morris: Literature and Feminism, (Blackwell, 1993) where she discusses the resolution of theOedipal crisis. For Freud the outcome of the childs fear of castration is its submission to the reality principle and hence its entry into the social order. For Lacan thismust coincide with the childs entry into the language system..Language is thus the Law of the father; a linguistic system within which our social andgender identity is always already structured. (p. 104)Othellos identity in the Venetian society is his role as the Moor. Few people use his real name when talking about him. When speaking the given quote, Othello istelling the Venetians how he won Desdemonas heart by telling her the story of his life, and he now retells it to the Venetians. This tale-telling is a way of employingthe linguistic system to reshape for himself a new identity with more positive connotations than the Moor can offer. The Moor is an expression the Venetiansconnect to other expressions in the linguistic system which all have a negative value. Examples are such expressions as old black ram, a Barbary horse, lascivious,and a devil. The negative overtone of these words will reflect back on Othello. He cant change his origins but he can try to change the connotations of the Moor. He can fill the expression with a new content and thereby give himself an identity he can be more comfortable with. This is what Othello is doing when he is retellinghis history. Othello is obviously a good narrator; Desdemona cant get enough of his story. Expressions like seriously incline, with haste and greedy ear showDesdemonas eagerness for his storytelling. And ever./Sheld come again shows that this has been happening over a period of time without Desdemona growingtired of his tales. The given quote implies that Othello feels he has been too clever for his own benefit. Desdemonas craving for his autobiography is felt as a threat; itmay jeopardize his new identity. Othello says that she would: Devour up my discourse. It is in this discourse that his identity exists. If she devours up his discourse,she devours up his identity and leaves him where he started; as the Moor. Desdemona may represent the all-engulfing mother of the pre-Oedipal stage. This is a stage without structure, language or identity, an opposite to the linguisticsystem, the Law of the father. It is with a greedy ear she devours up my discourse. An ear is sometimes used to symbolize female genitalia and will hereemphasize the fact that Othello feels the threat to be feminine. That he, through his discourse, is devoured shows that this feminine threat is all-engulfing. If Othellorefuses to accept his old role as the Moor he will either be without an identity or be dragged by his self-fashioned identity back into the pre-Oedipal stage. Theseoptions are two sides of the same coin, he will lose himself either way. To give up ones self is the same as suicide. Both death and the pre-Oedipal stage are sphereswithout language, structure, intention or identity. To give way to the one or the other will have the same result for Othello; he will no longer be a conscious being. To save himself, Othello must get control over this greedy ear. Female sexuality was considered something scary which could best be controlled through marriage. .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 , .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .postImageUrl , .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 , .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012:hover , .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012:visited , .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012:active { border:0!important; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012:active , .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012 .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubdecca20de670efba4de5ef77e635012:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Political Correctness In The Classroom EssayA loose tongue was a sign of loose sexuality. Othello extends this notion to include Desdemonas greedy ear. He marries Desdemona and all is well until Iagoimplies that Desdemona is unfaithful. Unfaithfulness in a woman will reflect back on her husband. A cuckold is a ridiculous figure in other peoples eyes. He must be seriously lacking in person for his wifeto run after other men. Othello sees himself in the same situation as before the marriage. Instead of using her ears she is now using her sexuality to destroy the identityhe has built up for himself. I have already pointed out how ears and sexuality are connected in Othellos m ind. Either way the results are the same for Othellosidentity. He sees his positive image of himself slipping away: Farewell the plumed troops and the big wars/ That makes ambition virtue!.Farewell: Othellosoccupations gone. (III, iii, 352-353+360) The one way to control this threat is to passivize Desdemona completely by killing her. He realizes too late the effect thisaction will have on his own situation. She was the only person who would accept the identity he had been fronting. He even had difficulties believing in it himself,which made him an easy victim for Iago. So when he killed Desdemona he killed the positive image of himself. The person he saw as a threat to his identity was theonly person who actually sustained it. Because he had such difficulties in believing in himself he found it impossible that anybody else should do so. This insecurityproves his undoing. His positive self-image gone, he is left a choice between the Moor or nothingness. The moment Emilia realizes Ot hello is the murderer shereverts to calling him expressions connected to the negative image of the Moor: And you the blacker devil!thou art a devil. (V, ii, 129, 131) He cant standbeing this person, the only one society and the symbolic order can offer him. To construct his own identity has proven impossible. To be without an identity, anon-personn implies death. He chooses to free himself of this unwanted identity by stepping out of the social order and the language system by means of suicide. Shakespeare

Financial Accounting Of Liquidation Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting Of Liquidation Company. Answer: Introduction Liquidation of a company is a process by which a company shuts down all its operations, closes its books and sells off all its assets with the help of a liquidator. The companies must appoint a liquidator as required by the law. The most important thing, that the company is running into loses and does not have enough money to pay off its debts, there may be chances that the debtors are not paying the company their dues because of which the company does not have enough funds. There are chances that the company is not able to cope up with the fierce competition and that has led to its liquidation. There can be voluntary or involuntary liquidation depending on the situation of company(Bae, 2017). Because of all these reasons, the directors or the management of the company can opt for liquidation, but that must always be the last resort, because a lot of stakeholders are dependent on the company. In cases where the companies do not propose the liquidation they there are chances that they can get liquidated. Moreover, in case the company becomes insolvent and the director proposes for liquidation, he has to do the same as soon as possible otherwise his personal assets would also be liable for the liquidation purposes. This protects the members, directors and creditors(DeZoort Harrison, 2016). Liquidation is also known as winding up and it proposes the official closure of a company and its books. There can be many other reasons besides the above mentioned reasons basis which the company may think of liquidation like business being started but is running for the wrong reasons, inadequate working capital of the company, the location might not be right, the financial skills may no t be good enough, poor marketing or lack of planning to develop the correct business model, extreme competition in the market, etc. Ethics governance in explaining the companys financial distress In this given case study, we will analyze the reasons behind the liquidation of one of the top educational company in Australia, the ABC Learning company. The other companies being One tel phone company which liquidated in 2001 even after being one of the giants in Australian telecommunication business and having over 2 million clients across 8 nations. The 3rd and final company being assessed here is the HIH insurance company which was the second largest insurance company in Australia but liquidated in 2001 with loss measuring over $ 5.3 billion. This is considered to be one of the major corporate collapse in the history of Australai. There were several reasons that had led to the liquidation of the company and all the related discussion have been given below but the major reason which was found common in all these companies is the lack of internal control in the company, governance being at substandard level, strategic errors, inappropriate pricing policies, non communication and r eporting of errors and frauds to the top management and window dressing. The level of audit being done for the 3 companies is also to be scrutinised here as all of them failed to point the material misstatement in the financial statements.(Grenier, 2017). The case of liquidation with ABC learning, HIH Insurance and One Tel phone company: Major factors and whether liabilities were a major factor contributing to the liquidation ABC Learning Company is one of the top educational companies in Australia; it has a large number of educational centers that impart primary and secondary level education to children in Australia. The company was earning huge profits as per the records and then after the new auditors took over the company. They found there were a lot of issues in the accounts of the company and that had led to its liquidation. Thus the company didnt performs well owing to its malpractices that was not able to cover the same and that led to its liquidation. A large number of investors and stakeholders who had invested in the company were very badly affected. The auditors of the company were held responsible for their actions and were asked to justify the same. Amidst all this, it went into liquidation in the year 2008 and was bought back by Goodyear Early Learning in December 2009 which now operated in 650 centress across Asutralia(Sonu, et al., 2017). The company was unable to pay to its creditors and as a result of this, auditor declined to sign the audit report for the year 2008 stating that the books of accounts are materially misstated for the last few years and needs to be revised and recasted taking into consideration the correct picture. Because of unability to pay off its creditors on time, it has to go into voluntary liquidation in 2008. The child care support company started in the early 2000s and the number of centres started to grow gradually later on becoming 2300 across the major maket and nations. It also acquired few of the big companies to expand its business and reach. It not only became the market leader in Australia but also captured 1% market in the US. It was going big and making huge profits in the year 2004 and 2005 when it had a profit percentage of 15-20%. But amidst all this, its debt portion also got on increasing and in the process the company had a huge debt burden which it was unable to pay. Its shar e prices fell drastically in 2007 by more than 40%. There were many reasons for this dramatic collapse but one of them was incorrect valuation of the acquisitions done and lack of internal control and governance in the company. In place of due deligence of the companies to be acquired by ABC learning, what was going on is only rubber and stamp activity in the company without proper validation. Later the investigations by the lawyers proved that the company was not fulfilling the corporate governance and the ethics of the business and there were huge multi million differnces in the valuation of the deal. (Jones, 2017) Instead of having the investment review committee, it had a orthodox procedure of management group approval which was nothing more than a stamping activity. It also came to notice that the company had paid to one of the other companies some $ 70 Mn instead of the actual valuation which came to $ 30 Mn from the independent valuer. In this way, ABC learning increased its liability by self action of not validating the deals on the basis of the income streams and other major components. The collapse of the ABC learning through all these years was attributable to the lack of corporate governance in the company just 9 months prior to its liquidation. (Fay Negangard, 2017). In the classic case of HIH insurance company, the company collapsed owing to the incorrect and irresponsible valuation of the taken over entity FAI insurance company and its aggresice intent of accounting. Inspite of suffering huge losses in the last year, the chief executive office of HIH insurance company got millions as the severance package in view of the resignation submitted by him and year before the closure of the company.The liquidation had a worldwide impact on the construction and housing business alongwith the re-insuarnce business. Its operations mainly included underwriting services, investment financing and property dealing and it was found that the aggressive accounting strategy at the time of acquisition of CE Health International where the liabilities were understated alongwith the reserves of the company. There was no due deligence being done at the time of acquisition and wrong disclosures were being made to the public in terms of the net assets an liabilities bei ng held by the company and auditors were paid AUD 1.7 Mn for this task. Later on when the actual figures were flashed, the losses of the company multiplied from $ 100 Mn to $ 200 Mn to $ 300 and so on and the resultrs were never published. So, all in all it was a combined effect of many other factors including poor audit quality which can be attributed to liquidation of HIH. The third company i.e., One Tel phone company which was once a revolution among the youth for its mobile phones and internet services, marketing and information system, etc was yet another victim of the weak internal control processes and was ultimately liquidated. The major reason behind this was overstating the sales to around 10 times based on the past trends of 1997 to 2000 when the sales rose by 127%, 40%, 57% and 100% respectively. Inspite of huge growth in revenue numbers, the profits could not be aligned because One tel purchased additional spectrum licenses than required and used funds from public as well, however, in the year ended 30th June. 2000, Tel had a loss of $291 Mn and share prices fell to as low as $ 1. Besides the adverse condition of the shares at the markets, it contined to pay its directors handsomely at $ 0.56 Mn as salary and $ 6.9 Mn bonus. As a result, it went cashless and out of money unable to pay off its debts. This not only made the insolvent but force d the company to lay off around 1400 employees in 2001. The weak internal control by the directors allowed the wrong information to flow to the management and the stakeholders without proper validation. Corporate governance was totally being overridden in this case and its financial reports were no more a decpiction of the true state of affairs. Not only the sales, but the entire receiables, the EBITDA, accounts payable and the trial balance was misstated. It was a case where the accruals were shown to be tremendously high as compared to the market competitors and hence was just a form of window dressing. Conclusion We see that there are a lot of factors that leads a company into liquidation. There are many reasons that lead to this. The most important being the policies of the management which are often not in sync with the standard rules and practices. The company can liquidate in many ways, sometimes when the business is not doing any profit, the companies can go for voluntary liquidation. Sometimes the court orders when the business of the company is not fruitful or against the policies of the government. In this case the loss making units from shown to generate huge revenues, this made a false impression in the minds of the investors. They believed that the company is performing well and hence invested their money in the company. The auditors also did not perform their task with conviction and applied professional skepticism into the matter. They did what the management asked them do. This led to a lot of issues, falsification of the accounts and when the new auditors further interrogated t hen found that the management had indulged in malpractices. (Knechel Salterio, 2016). Recomendations There are several ways by which can prevent the entire case of liquidation. For this it is important that the companies must have a proper stand and should perform all their duties with conviction. The management can also take expert advice to help them in these matters. There are several laws and policies that govern the process of liquidation. All the companies must follow the same. In cases where they require any expert help, they should take. Liquidators must be appointed to make sure that the overall process is profitable for the company. It will also help in protecting the interest of the stakeholders who are dependent on the company. Thus this entire analysis of the ABC Company will provide a basis for the other companies to understand that how important it is for the management to have their stand and how important it is for the investors of the company to make sure that they invest their money after careful considerations. These are the few wyas in which the company can avoi d the liquidation and the stakeholders can get proper returns for their dues(Raiborn, et al., 2016). Refrences Bae, S., 2017. The Association Between Corporate Tax Avoidance And Audit Efforts: Evidence From Korea. Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(1), pp. 153-172. DeZoort, F. Harrison, P., 2016. Understanding Auditors sense of Responsibility for detecting fraud within organization. Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-18. Fay, R. Negangard, E., 2017. Manual journal entry testing : Data analytics and the risk of fraud. Journal of Accounting Education, Volume 38, pp. 37-49. Grenier, J., 2017. Encouraging Professional Skepticism in the Industry Specialization Era. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(2), pp. 241-256. Jones, P., 2017. Statistical Sampling and Risk Analysis in Auditing. NY: Routledge. Knechel, W. Salterio, S., 2016. Auditing:Assurance and Risk. fourth ed. New York: Routledge. Raiborn, C., Butler, J. Martin, K., 2016. The internal audit function: A prerequisite for Good Governance. Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 28(2), pp. 10-21. Sonu, C., Ahn, H. Choi, A., 2017. Audit fee pressure and audit risk: evidence from the financial crisis of 2008. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics , 24(1-2), pp. 127-144.